{"id":1966,"date":"2024-12-31T18:25:08","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T17:25:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/polgec.igf.edu.pl\/?page_id=1966"},"modified":"2026-03-20T11:30:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T10:30:28","slug":"exhibition-people","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/polgec.igf.edu.pl\/index.php\/exhibition-people\/","title":{"rendered":"Exhibition – People"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The Beginnings of Atmospheric Electricity Measurements at the Geophysical Observatory in \u015awider<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Team Behind the Measurements<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Atmospheric electricity research in \u015awider was a collaborative effort, powered by a small but dedicated team:
Benedykt Stanis\u0142aw Kalinowski<\/strong>
Founder, director, visionary. He designed the Observatory, secured funding, and pushed to expand its scientific scope from magnetism to atmospheric electricity. His energy and persistence kept the project alive during difficult years.
Wanda Dr\u00e8ge<\/strong>
A long\u2011serving assistant who had worked with Kalinowski since the early 1910s. She helped operate instruments, make observations, and maintain the station\u2019s scientific continuity.
Zofia Kalinowska<\/strong>
Kalinowski\u2019s daughter and a crucial member of the team, responsible for supporting both magnetic and atmospheric measurements. Her careful daily work ensured the continuity and reliability of the recordings.
Henryk J\u0119drzejowski<\/strong>
Joined in 1928 and installed the first atmospheric potential gradient measurement system with one Benndorf electrometer.
Antoni Liliental<\/strong>
Initially a student intern in 1929, later an important early operator of the atmospheric electricity instruments until his departure in the early 1930s.
Ewa Kalinowska\u2011Widomska<\/strong>
The younger daughter of the founder, who contributed voluntarily before the war and later became an essential figure in post\u2011war atmospheric electricity research.
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Together, these individuals ensured that \u015awider would remain a reference point for geophysical research throughout the 20th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Stanis\u0142aw Kalinowski<\/strong> (1873-1946)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Founder of \u015awider observatory, scientist, director, visionary organizer<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Wanda Dr\u00e8ge<\/strong> (1887-1965)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Long\u2011serving assistant, observer and researcher, ensuring daily continuity of magnetic and atmospheric electricity records, continuing the work through the 1930s<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Zofia Kalinowska<\/strong> (1904-1983)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Long-serving assistant, observer and scientist, continuing the work through the 1930s. After the Second World War director of \u015awider observatory in the transition phase from a magnetic to atmospheric electricity research station<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Henryk J\u0119drzejowski<\/strong> (1897-1937)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Physicist. Installed the first Benndorf electrometer in 1928 for electric potential gradient (PG) measurements<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Antoni Liliental<\/strong> (1908-1940)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Student of Warsaw University of Technology. Early operator of instruments, installed a pair of Benndorf electrometers; contributed during 1929-1931.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ewa Kalinowska-Widomska<\/strong> (1906-1976)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voluntary assistant before the war, observer and scientist, major contributor in the post\u20111948 revival. Specialised in PG reduction measurements<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Last updated 20 March 2026<\/sub><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Beginnings of Atmospheric Electricity Measurements at the Geophysical Observatory in \u015awider The Team Behind the Measurements Atmospheric electricity research in \u015awider was a collaborative effort, powered by a small but dedicated team:Benedykt Stanis\u0142aw KalinowskiFounder, director, visionary. He designed the Observatory, secured funding, and pushed to expand its scientific scope from magnetism to atmospheric electricity. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1966","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/polgec.igf.edu.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/polgec.igf.edu.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/polgec.igf.edu.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polgec.igf.edu.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polgec.igf.edu.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1966"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/polgec.igf.edu.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2449,"href":"https:\/\/polgec.igf.edu.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1966\/revisions\/2449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/polgec.igf.edu.pl\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}